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Barreada et al., Art and its Relevance in the Emocional Well-Being of People
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ISSN-e: 2542-3401, ISSN-p: 1316-4821
Art and its relevance in the emotional well-being of people
Recibido (06/09/21 ) Aceptado (04/10/21)
Abstract:
Art, considered in its manifestations, whether through music, singing, painting, dancing,
and all the possible expressions it can have, is undoubtedly a beautiful way to enrich the soul, the
spirit, and human emotions. In this work, the different forms of understanding art, and the benets
that it can have on people, are exposed. It that art in its multiple manifestations can help control
stress, anxiety, and depression. For this purpose, the investigators use bibliographic support to
compare academic scenarios, artistic expressions that allow people to improve their emotional,
physical, and psychological health. For this purpose, is implemented a bibliographic search
to comparing academic scenarios, artistic manifestations that allow people to improve their
emotional, physical, and psychological health. On the other hand, it was possible to verify that
music performed as a half-hour therapy helps children with catastrophic illnesses, relieving pain
Keywords:
Art, human emotions, artistic expressions.
El arte y su importancia en el mejoramiento emocional de las personas
Resumen:
El arte considerada así por sus manifestaciones, ya sea a través de la música, el canto, la
pintura, el baile, y todas las posibles expresiones que ella pueda tener, es sin duda, una forma maravillosa
de enriquecer el alma, el espíritu y las emociones humanas. En este trabajo, se exponen las diversas
formas de entender el arte, y los benecios que ella pueda tener en las personas. Se ha visto que el arte en
sus diferentes manifestaciones puede ayudar a controlar el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión. Se realizó
entonces una búsqueda bibliográca, se comparan escenarios académicos, manifestaciones artísticas
en las personas que le permiten mejorar el estado de salud emocional, física y psicológica. Se pudo
evidenciar que la música puede favorecer a las personas mayores al mejoramiento de la ansiedad y el
estrés, pero también puede ayudar a los neonatos a mejorar su peso, mejorar los niveles de cortisol y a
reducir las estadías en los hospitales. Por otra parte, fue posible constatar que la música ejecutada como
terapia de media hora ayuda a los niños con enfermedades catastrócas, aliviando el dolor y la ansiedad.
Palabras Clave:
Arte, emociones humanas, expresiones artísticas
Ana Barreda Coaquira
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6520-4328
abarredac@unsa.edu.pe
Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa
Arequipa, Perú
Maritza Ochoa Pezo
https:/orcid.org/0000-0001-7434-8331
maritzaochoa@bacaor.edu.pe
Escuela Nacional de Arte Carlos Baca Flor,
Perú
Rosa María Zegarra Piérola
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-3215
C19256@utp.edu.pe
Universidad Tecnológica del Perú,
Perú
Delia Yerba Centeno
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-2394
dyerbac@ucvvirtual.edu.pe
Universidad Cesar Vallejo,
Perú
https://doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i110.513
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I.INTRODUCTION
Art represents an activity in which people can re
-
create themselves in different ways, according to the
form and style of each person. Art is an aesthetic way of
expressing feelings and can be interpreted in all langua
-
ges and countries in the same way, as an essence of life,
culture, of spiritual forces.
Art has received various classications throughout
history; In medieval times, for example, liberal arts
and mechanical arts were mentioned, and later a dis
-
tinction was made between ne arts and applied arts,
up to the present, which includes a greater diversity of
creative manifestations as an area. In the 20th century,
the Arts were more precisely dened and classied into
nine expressions: architecture, dance, sculpture, music,
painting, literature, cinematography, photography, and
comics [1]. Nowadays, others manifestations such as
advertising, animation, television, and video games to
adding to the artistic categories.
Some authors [2], [3], afrm that art therapy is a te
-
chnique that allows highlighting positive emotions in
people, improving their health conditions, helping them
in their emotional processes, and collaborating with
the psychological consultation. The authors point out
that art can be a tool of human existence that allows
self-appraisal and self-denition of the being.
This paper considered different bibliographic sour
-
ces that show different scenarios on the benets of art
in people and emphasizes the emotional enrichment that
art, in its various expressions, can have on individual
characteristics, the improvement of mood, and psycho
-
logical situations of people.
The paper is four sections; the rst one deals with
the fundamental aspects of the artistic context; then, it
discusses the theoretical criteria of art and its impact
on human emotions. The methodology is found in sec
-
tion three and describes the processes that led to this
research. Finally, the results and conclusions are pre
-
sented, highlighting the ndings and the derivations of
art in human life.
II.ART AS PART OF MANKIND
Art has been present since ancient times [1], [4] and
has played a fundamental role in all societies. Art has
had evolutionary processes in its various manifesta
-
tions, from ancient times to modern times, and its im
-
pact on people's lives has been signicant.
A.Art in prehistoric times
In prehistoric times, art emerged from the materials
available to its authors and, therefore, was directly rela
-
ted to the needs of the context; hence cave painting was
one of its manifestations. Music and dance also emer
-
ged at this time [5].
Later, in the Neolithic period, the presence of hu
-
man forms stands out in the paintings. And changes are
observed in the artistic manifestations, which could be
drift by the sedentary life resulting from agriculture [1].
With the discovery of metals such as bronze and copper,
new artistic expressions were developed, highlighting
funerary enclosures, temples and, religious sculptures.
B.Ancient art
Ancient art was mainly relevant due to the formali
-
zation of writing, which changed the traditional human
behavior to develop new expressions based on human
gures, with hands-on the chest. Poems and music de
-
dicated to religious themes also stand out [6].
C.Ancient Egyptian Art
It stands out for the formation of large constructions,
monuments dedicated to the power over the earth and
life in the afterlife. Different types of materials are used,
such as metals, clays, paints, among others. The archi
-
tectural formations dedicated mainly to the dead are
of enormous magnitude and high visual enhancement.
There is an outstanding detail in the artistic manifesta
-
tions, symbols that describe the relevance of the culture
of the moment appear [7].
D.Art in America
In America, monumental sculptures of religious
character made in stone and with evident use of high
knowledge of mathematics and sciences, especia
-
lly astronomy, stand out; in addition, deposits of cave
paintings have been found [8]. The most relevant is
undoubtedly the presence of large stone constructions
dedicated to the gods and the cultural processes of the
civilizations of the time. Unlike Egyptian art, in Ameri
-
ca, the buildings could have residential purposes apart
from religious ones and were built with materials unk
-
nown even to the rst researchers.
In America, artistic manifestations had a different
character with the arrival of the European peoples and
their inuence on the indigenous American cultures.
Hence we can mention pre-Columbian art and later the
art of America.
III.EMOTIONAL TRASCENDENCES
Art has undergone continuous changes throughout
the history of humanity, and this is reected in the ar
-
chitecture, painting, and music of each era, to cite the
main ones. Art, like human circumstances and needs,
has evolved.
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A.Music History
Music is one of the oldest human artistic manifes
-
tations, tracing its presence in the rst African mobili
-
zations, taken place more than 50 thousand years ago.
Music bounding with the culture and ways of life of
human societies, with how historical events unfold and
how the social bonds of each era produce. Therefore,
music linking to the environment.
Figure 1 shows a summary of the history of music,
showing the repercussions it has had in the different
epochs; in the prehistoric era, it was mainly composed
of handmade instruments made from bones and natu
-
ral materials, which led to the production of wind ins
-
truments. Later, in ancient times, stringed instruments
were incorporated, thus producing other trends in musi
-
cal appreciation.
The gure shows how each period is related to the
previous one and takes advantage of the historical be
-
nets of the context to formulate new artistic proposals
that enrich music and allow its transcendence throu
-
ghout time and regions. The cultural changes had a
considerable inuence on the musical conception and
the different ways to making, perceiving, and enjoying
music.
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Fig. 1. Music evolutionary history [9], [10], [11], [12]
In the Middle Ages, Music had a religious relevan
-
ce, and already in the Renaissance, it opted for other
social aspects, incorporating new instruments. Renais
-
sance music was composed of Gregorian Chants with
counterpoints. Later on, baroque music appeared, gi
-
ving origin to the concept of tonality musical, contrasts
appeared in the composition of voices, including chords
of functional progressions. Classical music is born with
the purpose to transmit elegance, simplicity valued
from its highest expression, and emotional manifesta
-
tions stand out. Then a diversity of genres that make up
contemporary music are incorporated into societies and
permit to merge instruments, ideas, cultures, expanding
throughout the planet.
B.Stress and other emotional manifestations
Stress, or general adjustment syndrome [13], is an
antique disease that gains prominence in the new cen
-
tury. Its manifestations can be diverse, and its impact
on people is also complex since it underlies emotions.
Stressor stimuli are those external or internal factors
that can cause stressful situations in people [14]. The
permanent presence of stressful stimuli can cause se
-
vere changes in health, mainly affecting skin problems,
gastric problems, cardiac problems, among others.
A person subjected to stressful situations may chan
-
ge the way to relates to the environment and may also
change the manner to performs at work. Thus, when
a person undergoes stress unconsciously, it can have
other health repercussions that are not perceptible, such
as heart and blood pressure problems.
Stress responds to emotions, which is why it does not
have the same manifestations in all individuals, and its
presence in the organism comes from different sources.
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That means that a person subjected to a situation may
manifest various stress than another person subjected
to the same stimulus since perceiving the environment
will vary from one individual to another.
Stress can represent a social problem, even a collec
-
tive one, as it can seriously affect the productivity of
companies, the operating conditions of a school, or tho
-
se of an educational system, having a devastating im
-
pact on different scenarios of daily life.
Stress can manifest itself in three main categories
(Fig. 4) that affect people's health.
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Fig.2. Stress types.
The different forms in which stress can manifest it
-
self in people vary from acute stress when it is conse
-
quent of an eventual, unforeseen situation, and physio
-
logical reactions more eloquent to alert the individual to
a determinate event. Then there is episodic acute stress
when stressful situations are repetitive and vicious cir
-
cles produce in people's daily lives. Finally, the most
worrying case is chronic stress, which can cause signi
-
cant damage to health and can also trigger unexpected
diseases.
C.The brain and music
When the brain perceives music, important neural
activities occur that promote emotional and cognitive
responses in people. In principle, the auditory cortex is
activated, which detects sounds and rhythms, acting as
the principal sensor. The hippocampus is involved in
the memory of music and its association with experien
-
ces and contexts. On the other hand, the visual cortex
is responsible for the motivation of the dance, the or
-
ganization of dance steps, the visualization of artistic
scenarios.
One of the most relevant areas is the cerebellum, res
-
ponsible for creating emotional motivation, reactions to
certain music or dances. The nucleus accumbens and
tonsils are also involved with emotions. The prefrontal
cortex will then be in charge of activating emotional
controls, behavior, and decision-making.
To play instruments or perform a dance piece, the
motor cortex must be activated, in charge of performing
harmonic movements, following the music. The sen
-
sory cortex is responsible for providing feedback and
linking motor sensations with music, whether through
a dance or a song, or an instrument. Finally there is the
corpus callosum, which links both sides of the brain to
link physical and emotional activities.
D.Effects of music on emotional state
There are numerous ways to relieve stress, but this
will depend on the individual characteristics of each
person, some will prefer to practice a sport and others
will prefer to cook, but in all cases they will opt for mu
-
sic as a tool for personal relaxation.
Some authors claim that artistic manifestations can
enrich the emotional state of people [15]. This includes
appropriate decoration of enclosed spaces, music in so
-
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cial spaces, music for work and other expressions that
could be useful for mental and emotional relaxation of
people.
Other authors point out the importance of music in
mental illnesses [16] , specically in the therapy's stress
due to Alzheimer's disease in both patients and caregi
-
vers. The study revealed that music therapy would be
effective in treating these ailments, improving the qua
-
lity of life of those involved.
Several studies show that music has a positive im
-
pact on different aspects of life and that it improves lear
-
ning or cognitive skills [17]. Music provides relaxing
support to people, providing a space for the exchange of
emotions and allowing communicative scenarios.
Music therapies comprise different forms and diffe
-
rent techniques, among which we can mention: music,
dance, and singing techniques, and may include the fo
-
llowing aspects:
Receptive techniques: these refer to techniques ba
-
sed on listening and constitute all those processes where
the patient requires high receptivity. In this technique,
the patient is less active and does not require many mo
-
vements, nor is a greater understanding of the musical
contexts required. The psychologists or those respon
-
sible for the therapies will be in charge of the musical
activity, being directly involved in it.
Active techniques: these refer to activities where
more creative skills are needed, giving the patient an ac
-
tive, dynamic and, participating role. Using simple ins
-
truments, body expression activities, singing, rhythms,
and free improvisations of sounds and songs are perfor
-
med, so that the patient can express his inner emotions
and release stressful situations he may have.
Thus, the most commonly used techniques are:
-Musical improvisation.
-Free singing.
-Dance and movement.
-Rhythms and percussions.
-Improvised choreographies.
-Improvised instruments.
-Musical interpretation.
IV.METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
In this paper, a bibliographic search has been carried
out (Fig.2) to know the positive aspects that music can
have in the therapy of diseases and the emotional state
of people. For this purpose, we have reviewed impor
-
tant documents that show the impact of music on hu
-
man emotions, achieving communicative and relaxing
spaces.
Fig. 3. Information review process.
Fig. 4. Information selection criteria.
For this paper, the authors considered the inclu
-
sion and exclusion aspects described in Figure 3 and
reviewed documents from reliable sources showing
scientic and systematic results on music therapy.
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From a total of 120 academic papers, 25 of them
were classied as relevant to the topic. From these pa
-
pers, the contributions were extracted, considering both
the specic apport and those derived from them.
V.RESULTS
Once the bibliographic review has been carried out,
it is possible to compile the following results from all
the academic papers reviewed:
Music as therapy, allows to give emotional support
to people, providing a relaxing, reliable space and gi
-
ving the opportunity to express emotions, feelings and
ideas that make you feel better.
Patients with catastrophic diseases showed greater
serenity to the perception of pain, stress and the discom
-
fort of their own health situation [17]. The overcoming
of pain and anxiety had an impact on the improvement
of the state of health and a positive effect on the immu
-
ne system.
Musical sessions of only 30 minutes can be signi
-
cant to the improvement of people's health, contributing
to the strengthening of their immune system and to the
improvement of the individual's attitudes.
Some researchers claim that listening to music for
15 minutes increases interleukin levels, as well as im
-
proving immunoglobulin levels [17].
Music therapy comprises different techniques:
•Landscape sounds, which are recreated in environ
-
mental sounds.
•Sound envelope sounds, consisting of a selection of
instruments, sounds and tones.
•Singing familiar songs, selecting those songs that
may be part of the individual's prior knowledge.
Music therapy can positively affect isolation pro
-
blems and those related to socio-emotional develop
-
ment.
In children, music can stimulate the speech process
and the vocalization of words.
In older adults, music was also signicant in redu
-
cing anxiety and stress levels in people.
In patients with Alzheimer's disease, it could be ob
-
served that depression was reduced by 25%, and anxie
-
ty was signicantly improved [16].
In neonates, music was also a positive factor for wei
-
ght improvement, heart rate improvement, respiratory
rate improvement, accompanied by body massage mu
-
sic [18].
Other improvements found in neonates were the re
-
duction of cortisol levels in saliva, cortisol in urine, re
-
duction in the use of mechanical ventilation, as well as
the reduction of hospital stay.
V.CONCLUSIONS
Having carried out this paper and having observed
the previous studies, it is possible to draw the following
conclusions:
1.Music can be useful for the improvement of stress
in people, but it has to be selected according to the per
-
sonality of each individual since inappropriate music
can cause an increase in stress levels.
2.Music can improve people's health status, achie
-
ving signicant effects on the immune system, blood
pressure levels, anxiety levels, cortisol levels, and the
state of well-being.
3.Music can also improve work stress levels, im
-
proving social environments, work environments, and
the quality of life and job productivity that people may
have.
4.Music must maybe a stressor depending on its
tonality, its rhythm, its category, and its other criteria,
according to the type of person and according to the
emotional characteristics of each individual.
5.The different artistic manifestations can cause
emotional relaxation for people, but it will also depend
on the characteristics of each one.
6.For some people, silence may be their best way to
relax but, these are exceptional cases since, according
to the studies reviewed, it is music that motivates cer
-
tain aspects of the brain to improve people's emotional
state.
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