Keywords
risk factors
strabismus
prematurity
How to Cite
Abstract
Amblyopia is characterized by loss of visual acuity without visible organic cause, although it is attributed to abnormal brain development. It is prevalent in children from zero to 8 years, but there are cases of older patients and even adults. This article aims to systematize the main risk factors for amblyopia in studies carried out in ophthalmic care centers. For this purpose, a documentary review of academic and scientific material was carried out. Two risk factors were identified, ocular type such as strabismus, myopia, isolated or combined astigmatism, refractive errors, and non-ocular such as prematurity, low birth weight, and maternal smoking. Risk factors are genetic risk factors, failure to detect and treat early, due to socio-environmental factors like poverty and lack of ophthalmic services, or extraordinary situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
[2] E. Birch, «Amblyopia and Binocular Vision,» Program Retin Eye, vol. 33, nº 1, pp. 67-84, 2013.
[3] A. Vagge, L. Ferro y C. Traverso, «An update on pharmacological treatment options for amblyopia.,» Springer, vol. 40, nº 12, pp. 3591-3597, 2020.
[4] J. McConaghy y R. McGuirk, «Amblyopia: detection and treatment,» American Family Physician, vol. 100, nº 12, pp. 745-750, 2019.
[5] S. Gavilanes, «Ambiopía estrábica en paciente de ocho años,» Universidad Tecnológica de Babahoyo, Babahoyo, 2023.
[6] M. Saad y S. Rodríguez, «Ambliopía no estrábica: revisión sistemática en Hispano America. Prevalencia de casos clínicos.,» Vive, vol. 6, nº 16, pp. 299-308, 2023.
[7] E. Celis, «Prematuridad como fuente de riesgo para ambliopía en niños atendidos en Hospital Regional Trujilo,» Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, 2022.
[8] E. Papageourgiou, I. Asprudis, G. Maconadie y, et al, «The treatment of amblyopia: current practice and emerging trends,» Graefe´s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology, vol. 257, nº 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3371/kjo00190061, pp. 1061-1080, 2019.
[9] O. Barrera y E. Jerez, «Ambliopía. Caracteriación clínica epidemiológica. Hospital Infantil Hermanos Cordové,» Multimed. Revista Médica Granma, vol. 23, nº 6, pp. 1189-1202, 2019.
[10] «Alianza Orbis-IRO en el Abordaje de Errores Refractivos en Escolares de la Región Norte del Perú,» 2014. [En línea]. [Último acceso: 6 mayo 2024].
[11] A. Pai, K. Rose, J. Leone, S. Sharbini y G. Burlutsky, «Amblyopia prevalence and risk factors in Australian preschool children,» Ophthalmology., vol. 19, nº 1, pp. 138-144, 2012.
[12] Y.-P. Li, M.-W. Zhou, S. Foster, S.-Y. Chen, X. Qi y H.-M. Zhang, «Prevalence of amblyopia among preschool children in central south China.,» Int J Ophthalmology, vol. 12, nº 5, pp. 820-825, 2019.
[13] J. Amaya, «Una opción farmacológica para el tratamiento de la ambliopía: levodopa,» Andina Visual, vol. 8, nº 13, pp. 6-15, 2013.
[14] B. Peña, «Principales factores de riesgo que condicionan ambliopía en niños de 6 a 14 años en centro optómetra en cercado de Lima entre los años 2015 a 2018.,» URP, Lima, 2021.
[15] M. Mazarei, M. Fard, H. Merat y R. Roohipoor, «Associations of refractive amblyopia in a population of Iranian children,» Optometrist, vol. 6, nº 3, pp. 167-172, 2013.
[16] I. Lince-Rivera, G. Camacho y A. Kunzel, «Characterization of Refractive Errors in a Population of Children from 2 to 14 Years of Age in Bogotá, Colombia,» Javeriana Médica, vol. 21, nº 9, pp. 93-101, 2018.
[17] I. Gonzalvo, «Blefaroptosis congénita y ambliopía en niña de 10 años,» Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Babahoyo, 2019.
[18] M. Damiano, D. Bremond, A. Brezin y et al, «COVID-19 outbreak and increased risk of amblyopia and epidemic myopia: insights from UEROCOVCAT group,» Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 32, nº 1. DOI: 10.1177/112067211053175, pp. 17-22, 2022.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.