Abstract
This study presents a theoretical exploration of recent advances made over the past five years regarding the determinants of child resilience in vulnerable contexts. A selection of scientific and academic documents was analyzed to provide a solid conceptual foundation and to outline future research directions in this field. The PRISMA methodology was applied for document selection and screening. Findings reveal that child resilience is a dynamic capacity shaped by individual, family, community, and structural factors. Key protective elements include emotional self-regulation, secure attachment, parental resilience, benevolent childhood experiences, social networks, technological innovations, and economic protection policies. Overall, the results offer a comprehensive framework for designing sustainable interventions aimed at strengthening coping capacities and promoting well-being among children living in conditions of vulnerability.
References
A. de la Fuente, G. Piñeiro, A. F. Rivera, and J. Molina, “Resilience profiles and mental health problems in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: A latent profile analysis,” Journal of Adolescence, vol. 101, pp. 61–70, 2022.
A. E. Klasen, P. R. Lee, and M. H. Davidson, “Early attachment and later psychosocial outcomes: Evidence from longitudinal studies,” Attachment & Human Development, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 134–148, 2022.
J. Kazeem, M. Ogunleye, and A. Taiwo, “Motivational traits and school engagement in orphaned children: A resilience framework,” International Journal of Educational Research, vol. 115, p. 101997, 2023.
B. Furlong, S. Rojas, and T. M. Hart, “Multilevel protective factors and childhood resilience in vulnerable settings: Policy implications,” Child Development Perspectives, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 12–18, 2025.
S. Gómez and L. Pérez, “Conditional cash transfers and intergenerational resilience: Evidence from longitudinal tracking,” Developmental Psychology, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 88–99, 2025.
S. Sharma, K. R. Patel, and R. Thomas, “Digital health interventions for early trauma detection in children: A systematic review,” Children and Youth Services Review, vol. 139, p. 106566, 2022.
A. Sanders, M. R. Lawton, and E. Gómez, “Buffering effects of positive childhood experiences on adolescent mental health,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 621–634, 2024.
A. Torrejón and C. Rivas, “Family-based interventions for resilience-building in low-income communities,” Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 104–120, 2023.
A. Liang, H. Cruz, and D. Soto, “Community-based social networks and child resilience in urban poverty contexts,” Social Science & Medicine, vol. 298, 2022.
J. Rodríguez and D. Méndez, “Parental resilience as a moderator in child psychosocial wellbeing: A longitudinal perspective,” Family Process, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 322–336, 2025.
S. Valdivia, F. Lema, and J. Ortega, “Identifying early signs of psychosocial distress in children exposed to violence: A review of tools and protocols,” Children and Youth Services Review, vol. 143, p. 106812, 2022.
M. T. Vargas and I. Jaramillo, “School belonging and resilience in migrant students,” Journal of School Psychology, vol. 93, pp. 45–56, 2024.
K. Morales and J. Rivas, “Positive school experiences and adaptive functioning in disadvantaged students,” School Psychology International, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 3–20, 2023.
A. Hayashi, A. Arimoto, and H. Asakura, “Positive childhood experiences and depressive symptoms among Japanese university students: A cross-sectional study,” Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, vol. 17, 2023.
A. de Oliveira, L. Machado, and P. Silva, “Emotion regulation and academic success in socioeconomically disadvantaged children,” Learning and Individual Differences, vol. 89, 2021.
C. Sánchez and B. Rentería, “Childhood adversity and protective factors in urban poor settings: An ecological approach,” Journal of Child and Family Studies, vol. 33, pp. 115–129, 2024.
L. Paredes and N. Quispe, “Secure attachment and emotional regulation in preschoolers from high-risk families,” Early Child Development and Care, vol. 192, no. 7, pp. 1153–1166, 2022.
H. Zárate and F. León, “The role of digital technologies in promoting psychological resilience: A scoping review,” Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 139, p. 107517, 2023.
I. Fernández and P. Bolaños, “Measuring childhood resilience in Latin America: Cross-cultural adaptations and validations,” Child Indicators Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 487–503, 2022.
D. Muñoz, R. Vargas, and E. Estrada, “School climate and resilience among adolescents exposed to family conflict,” Educational Psychology, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 841–856, 2022.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.