Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of technology transfer policies and the factors that have influenced their transformation across different national and institutional contexts. A systematic bibliographic review of indexed scientific articles was conducted, allowing the identification of trends, theoretical approaches, and documented experiences related to the formulation and implementation of such policies. The results show that the evolution of technology transfer policies has been shaped by a combination of economic, legal, intellectual property, infrastructural, human resource, collaborative network, and socio-cultural factors, whose relevance varies according to the context and period analyzed. Additionally, the review identifies empirical studies reporting real-world experiences of policy adaptation and implementation, as well as emerging orientations derived from these processes. It is concluded that technology transfer policies exhibit a dynamic and multifactorial evolution, highlighting the need for comprehensive and context-sensitive approaches to their design and evaluation.
References
B. Bozeman, “Technology transfer and public policy: A review of research and theory,” Research Policy, vol. 29, nos. 4–5, pp. 627–655, 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00093-1.
D. S. Siegel, D. Waldman, L. Atwater, and A. Link, “Toward a model of the effective transfer of scientific knowledge from academicians to practitioners,” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol. 21, nos. 1–2, pp. 115–142, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2003.12.006.
I. Sala, E. Landoni, M. P. Guerrero, and D. K. Kanbach, “The games of policy and practice in university technology transfer,” The Journal of Technology Transfer, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1111–1146, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10961-020-09806-5.
J. A. Londoño-Gallego, S. M. V. Restrepo, M. E. V. Rodríguez, F. D. J. F. Cuartas, and N. E. Viana-Rúa, “Identificación de tipos, modelos y mecanismos de transferencia tecnológica que apalancan la innovación,” Revista Cintex, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 13–23, 2018.
M. Pohlmann, H. Frank, and M. Schreyer, “Ambidexterity in technology transfer offices,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 180, art. no. 121702, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121702.
K. Flores Tuxpan, V. García Flores, and L. A. Palma Martos, “Retos y perspectivas de las oficinas de transferencia de tecnología en instituciones de educación superior públicas en México,” Revista de la Educación Superior, vol. 53, no. 210, pp. 127–149, 2024.
L. S. Atencio Ortiz, J. A. Zapata Cortés, Y. Aguirre Restrepo, B. Jiménez Navia, and E. G. Paipa Sanabria, “Revisión de mecanismos de gestión de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en el sector defensa,” Revista Logos Ciencia & Tecnología, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 103–118, 2025, doi: 10.22335/rlct.v17i1.2017.
L. Madl and T. Radebner, “Technology transfer for social benefit: Ten principles to guide the process,” Cogent Social Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, art. no. 1947560, 2021, doi: 10.1080/23311886.2021.1947560.
A. Valencia-Arias, C. A. Echeverri-Gutiérrez, P. A. Rodríguez, L. C. Acosta-Agudelo, and M. Echeverri-Gutiérrez, “Mecanismos de transferencia tecnológica y del conocimiento: una revisión temática de literatura,” Revista En-contexto, vol. 12, no. 22, pp. 97–124, 2024.
M. Pérez Castañeda, A. F. Miranda Pérez, D. S. González-González, and J. S. Arias Cerón, “Análisis bibliométrico de una década de investigación académica sobre modelos de transferencia de tecnología universitaria,” Journal de Ciencia e Ingeniería, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 1, 2025, doi: 10.46571/JCI.2025.1.1.
C. Cárdenas-Garcés, “Transferencia tecnológica: una herramienta para mejorar las condiciones productivas,” Revista Lasallista de Investigación, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 215–225, 2020, doi: 10.22507/rli.v17n2a16.
F. A. M. Vélez and C. P. P. Molina, “Doctrina militar y cooperación técnico-militar como motores de desarrollo industrial en defensa: aprendizajes estratégicos desde Sudamérica,” Revista de Geopolítica, vol. 16, no. 5, art. e795, 2025.
A. Bliznets, V. Sokolov, and E. Kagan, “Technology transfer offices in China: Evolution, challenges and policy implications,” Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 140–158, 2018, doi: 10.1080/19761597.2018.1478409.
A. Valencia-Arias, C. A. Echeverri-Gutiérrez, and L. C. Acosta-Agudelo, “Technology transfer and innovation management: A systematic literature review,” Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 54–69, 2020, doi: 10.4067/S0718-27242020000300054.
K. Chen, C. Zhang, Z. Feng, Y. Zhang, and L. Ning, “Technology transfer systems and modes of national research institutes: Evidence from China,” Research Policy, vol. 51, no. 3, art. no. 104471, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2021.104471.
Y. Ye, J. Wang, and X. Li, “Evolution of China’s technology transfer policies and institutional reforms,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 158, art. no. 120125, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120125.
C. Archibugi and S. Iammarino, “The globalization of technological innovation: Definition and evidence,” Review of International Political Economy, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 98–122, 2002, doi: 10.1080/09692290110101146.
C. Archibugi and D. Michie, “Technology, globalization and economic performance,” in Technology and the Wealth of Nations. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995, pp. 1–23.
J. Kratzer, D. Meissner, and V. Roud, “Open innovation and company culture: Internal openness makes the difference,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 119, pp. 128–138, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.016.
X. López-Mendoza and D. Mauricio, “Factors of technology transfer and its relation to success,” International Journal of Business and Systems Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 227–252, 2021, doi: 10.1504/IJBSR.2021.113189.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.