Resumen
La violencia escolar es un fenómeno complejo con efectos significativos en el bienestar, la convivencia y el desempeño académico estudiantil. Esta revisión sistemática, guiada por los lineamientos PRISMA 2020, examinó 65 estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2024 para identificar factores de riesgo, expresiones del problema y enfoques de intervención. Los resultados indican que variables individuales como baja autoestima, impulsividad y dificultades en la autorregulación emocional se articulan con dinámicas familiares caracterizadas por violencia intrafamiliar y supervisión limitada, aumentando la probabilidad de conductas agresivas. Asimismo, se identificaron el clima escolar negativo y la exposición comunitaria a entornos violentos como predictores consistentes. Las principales manifestaciones registradas fueron violencia verbal, psicológica y ciberacoso. Las intervenciones más efectivas integraron programas de educación socioemocional, mediación escolar y políticas institucionales sostenidas. Los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de estrategias preventivas e integrales que involucren a toda la comunidad educativa.
Citas
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