Resumen
Los terremotos representan una amenaza significativa para las zonas urbanas, donde la vulnerabilidad territorial incrementa el riesgo para la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue optimizar la ubicación de albergues temporales mediante un análisis de accesibilidad espacial para fortalecer la respuesta ante terremotos. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, aplicada y de diseño no experimental, utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), el Proceso de Análisis Jerárquico (AHP) y análisis multicriterio. El modelo integró variables de peligro sísmico, topografía, geología, tipo de suelo, accesibilidad vial y distribución poblacional para identificar ubicaciones óptimas de albergues y rutas de evacuación. Los resultados evidenciaron un predominio de zonas con peligro alto y muy alto, permitiendo proponer trece albergues estratégicamente distribuidos. Se concluye que la integración de SIG y AHP constituye una herramienta eficaz para apoyar la planificación territorial y fortalecer la gestión del riesgo sísmico.
Citas
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[7] M. Ye, J. Wang, J. Huang, et al., "Methodology and its application for community-scale evacuation planning against earthquake disaster," Natural Hazards, vol. 61, pp. 881–892, 2012. doi: 10.1007/s11069-011-9803-y.
[8] P. Ghasemi, K. Khalili-Damghani, A. Hafezalkotob, and S. Raissi, "Uncertain multi-objective multi-commodity multi-period multi-vehicle location-allocation model for earthquake evacuation planning," Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 350, pp. 105–132, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2018.12.061.
[9] P. Ghasemi, K. Khalili-Damghani, A. Hafezalkotob, and S. Raissi, "Stochastic optimization model for distribution and evacuation planning: A case study of Tehran earthquake," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, vol. 71, Art. no. 100745, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.seps.2019.100745.
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[11] L. He and Z. Xie, "Optimization of urban shelter locations using bi-level multi-objective location-allocation model," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 7, Art. no. 4401, 2022. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074401.
[12] Y. Shi, G. Zhai, L. Xu, Q. Zhu, and J. Deng, "Planning emergency shelters for urban disasters: A multi-level location-allocation modeling approach," Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 16, Art. no. 4285, 2019. doi: 10.3390/su11164285.
[13] S. Geng, H. Hou, and Z. Zhou, "A hybrid approach of VIKOR and bi-objective decision model for emergency shelter location-allocation to respond to earthquakes," Mathematics, vol. 9, no. 16, Art. no. 1897, 2021. doi: 10.3390/math9161897.
[14] M. D. Eelagh and R. A. Abbaspour, "A location-allocation optimization model for post-earthquake emergency shelters using network-based multi-criteria decision-making," Decision Analytics Journal, vol. 10, Art. no. 100430, 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.dajour.2024.100430.
[15] A. Al-Hemoud, J. Alqahtani, A. Mhawish, et al., "Sand and dust storms, sand encroachment, and drought in Kuwait: A basis for formulating a disaster risk reduction plan," Natural Hazards, vol. 122, Art. no. 81, 2026. doi: 10.1007/s11069-025-07757-4.
[16] Y. Kızılkan and S. Birinci, "Integration of GIS and MCDM for temporary shelter site selection in earthquake-risk zone: A case study with sensitivity analysis," Natural Hazards, vol. 122, no. 11, 2026.
[17] O. Nasanlı and D. T. Kejanlı, "Spatial Analysis of Earthquake Risk in Şanlıurfa City Center," GeoHazards, vol. 7, no. 2, 2026.
[18] Ö. Dilmen, A. Demir, A. E. Dinçer, Ş. Öztürk, and V. Kalpakcı, "A machine-learning-based multi-hazard GIS-AHP framework for wind turbine siting under earthquake-landslide coupling," Environmental Research Communications, vol. 8, no. 5, Art. no. 055047, 2026.
[19] M. F. Altun and N. S. Sağ, "Identifying and Prioritizing Disaster-Oriented Urban Transformation Areas Using GIS-AHP: The Case of Akşehir," ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 105–130, 2026.
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