RISK FACTORS AND COMPLICATIONS OF OPEN ANKLE FRACTURES

Abstract

Ankle fractures are one of the most frequent traumatic injuries of the lower extremities, which depending on the intensity of the trauma, fracture complexity and associated soft tissue injuries can represent serious injuries with functional repercussions, constituting a challenge for the surgeon orthopedic. The purpose of this titration work was to analyze the risk factors and complications of exposed fractures of the ankle in patients of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Regional Hospital during the 2013-2015 period. An analytical study of qualitative-quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective approach was carried out, which included 120 patients during the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. The largest proportion of patients were young adults of male sex (74%), from 18 to 40 years of age (62%), an active labor group, with a working profession (29%) with a higher risk of trauma and occupational accidents. Injuries of high and moderate indirect energy (97%) caused by traffic accidents and falls from the lift were the most frequent etiologies. Bimaleolar fractures predominated with (84%) and exposed fractures type II (46%) and type III (41%), were the most common, especially IIIA fractures (19%). 37% was associated with risk factors, with cigarette smoking (18%) and diabetes mellitus (13%) being the main factors. The most frequent complications were wound infections in 16% (19), and consolidation delay (12%).

Keywords: Fractures, risk factors, complications.

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