Abstract
This study aimed to assess heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils of Peru, identify research gaps, and consolidate a scientific basis for future research lines. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, consulting five bibliographic databases, the Google Scholar search engine, and five artificial intelligence tools. A total of 49 documents were analyzed, with a higher number of studies concentrated in the central highlands and focused on crops such as cacao, potato, cereals, and vegetables. The presence of cadmium, lead, and arsenic exceeding national standards was identified. However, no studies were found applying sequential chemical speciation, bioavailability bioassays, or transport models, which limits a comprehensive understanding of environmental and health risks. In conclusion, it is necessary to incorporate complementary methodologies, strengthen environmental transparency, and promote coordination among academia, the state, and the productive sector to ensure agricultural sustainability and food security.
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